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HiotDgraphic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STRtk:T 

WEBSTER,^  Y.  M580 

(716)  (»/2-4503 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The 
toti 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


Linstitut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  ddtaiis 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-dtre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mdthode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqu^s  ci-dessous. 


The 
po« 
oft 
film 


El 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


D 


D 


D 
D 


□ 


Couverture  endommagde 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurde  et/ou  pellicul^e 


□    Cover  title  missing/ 
Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

r~l    Coloured  maps/ 


Cartes  gdographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


I      I    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Relid  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  liure  serr6e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intdrieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajoutdes 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  iorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6x6  film^es. 


□    Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 


n 

n 
0 


n 


Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommag6es 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurdes  et/ou  pellicul6es 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  ddcolordes,  tachetdes  ou  piqudes 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  detach^es 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 


□    Quality  of  print  varies/ 
Quality  indgale  de  I'impression 

I      I    Includes  supplementary  material/ 


Comprend  du  matdriel  supplementaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc..  ont  6t6  film6es  d  nouveau  de  fagon  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


Orif 
beg 
the 
slor 
oth( 
first 
tier 
oril 


The 
sha 
TIN 
whi 

Mai 
diff 
•nti 
beg 
righ 
reqi 
met 


D 


Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppl^mentaires: 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filmd  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqud  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


26X 


30X 


J 


12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  filmed  here  hes  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

University  of  British  Columbia  Library 


L'exempiaire  filmA  f ut  reproduit  grAce  A  la 
gAnArosltA  de: 

University  of  British  Columbia  Library 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  6tA  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soln,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
de  la  nettetA  de  Texempiaire  film6,  et  en 
confot  mitA  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
fllmage. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beglnni'  g  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  Illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


Les  exemplalres  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprlmAe  sont  fllmte  en  commen^ant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'lllustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplalres 
originaux  sont  filmAs  en  commenpant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  derniAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  ^^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  y  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaftra  sur  la 
dernlAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  —^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE ",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc..  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc..  peuvent  dtre 
filmAs  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diffArents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichA.  il  est  filmA  A  partir 
de  Tangle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite. 
et  de  haut  en  bas.  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nAcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mAthode. 


1  2  3 


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L:y-' 


Columbia  and  Kootenay  Railway 


AND- 


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TRANSPORTATION    COMPANY. 


REPORT  OF  D.  C.  LEWIS, 


ON   THB ■ 


/ 


Resources  of  the  Country  along  the  Columbia  River,  ■    ^m 
the  Boundary  Line  to  Galena  Bay. 


't'''^." 


WITH   appi;ni>ix. 


CONTAININn 


REPORT    OF    A.    T.    PINGSTONE, 


And  Extracts  from  Mobef(LY's  Diary,  &c. 


*"  , 


SAN   FRANCISCO: 

BlCON    &   COHPANT,    PrINTIRS,    CORNER  ClAT   AND   SaNSOMK   StRKKTS 

1884. 


#■' 


THE   LIBRARY 


Till  UNivr.Rsnvoi 

HRlllSH  COLUMBIA 


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Columbia  and  Kootenay  Railway 


TRANSPORTATION    COMPANY. 


REPORT  OF  D.  C.  LEWIS, 


ll\    TIIK 


Resources  of  the  Country  alonc^  the  Cohimbia   River,  from 
tlie   Houndarv   Line  to  (ialena  Bay. 


WITH      A  IM'KN  1  )1  X, 
REPORT    OF    A.    T.     PINGSTONE, 


And  Extract:-,  from  Mcp.f.rly's  Diauy,  &r. 


SAN    FRANCISCO: 

lUCON    &    eOMl'ANV,    PlilNTKliS,    ('(IIINKI!    ("l.AV    AND    SAN.'illMK    SlIlKKl- 

I   S84. 


San  FRANciscr).   ncc.    i5tli.    iSS:;. 

Cajt.  J.  C.   AINSWORTII, 

President  of  I  lie  Colnmhia  and  koolenay  Raihoay  and 
Transfyorfatioti    Company: 

Dkak  Sir:— 1  ben-  leave  to  i)reseiit  my  Report  of  I-:xj)Ior- 
ations  made  by  your  direction,  and  covcrino-  a  small  portion 
of  the  Land  (Irant  oiven  your  Company  by  the  I'rovjice  of 
British  Columbia,  along  the  line  of  the  Columbia  River;  and 
lo  present  also  a  Map  accompanying  the  Report.      ' 

Yours   respectfully, 

<^'.^'"^'^''>  D.  C.   IJ'AVJS. 


REPORT. 


f 
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AflLi-  i)assinj;  the  boundary  line  between  the  United 
States  and  r.iitish  Columbia  on  the  steam  launch  "  Alpha," 
belongint^  to  your  Company  and  under  command  of  Captain 
A.  r.  Pinj^stone.  my  attention  was  directed  to  the  resources 

contained  in  the 

timiji:k. 

Commencing  near  the  boundary  line  and  extending  to 
lli-ah-kin  Creek  u]>  the  Columbia  River  on  either  bank,  there 
is  an  immense  quantity  of  yellow  pine  timber  from  20  inches 
to  40  inches  in  diameter,  and  from   75  to   100  feet  clear  of 
knots.     Although  it  occurs  throughout  the  distance  mention- 
ed, there  are  thick  bunches  of  forest  in  it  that  will  run  from 
10  thousand  to  20  thousand  feet  to  the  acre,  and  it  is  all  per- 
fectly accessible.     As  we  approach   the  northern  point  men- 
tioned, this  yellow  pine  timber  grows  less  and  less,  and  final- 
ly ceases  altogether.     As  it  disappears,   however,  tamarack 
and  hemlock  increase,  and  belts  of  dense  growth  of  these  are 
seen— all  of  which    are  remarkable     for    their  accessibility. 
This  timber  covers  a  very  large  portion  of  the  country,  and 
the  amount  is  so  enormous  as  to  be  beyond  computation  or 
estimate.     It  varies  in  diameter  from  10  to  36  inches,  and  the 
forests  are  often  of  extremely  dense  growth. 

About  the  mouth  of  Hi-ah-kin  Creek  (some  fine  cedar  be- 
ing found  at  Pass  Creek)  white  pine  and  cedar  timber  begin 


^"  ''^i^P^*^'-.  1/ic  cual 


the  k 


Jia. 


"own  uorlcl.     (Sc 


'"'"")■  <>r  uhieh   h, 


;i.s  n 


^c.) 


:iiisj 


c  page  ()2,  "p 


"  ■^I'pciior  (111 


OUfr), 


^"■^^"tary  streams,  and 


lesin  belts  con 


'•"vinccoflintishCol 


(nit 


i'oo 


'•^  as  access ibl 


f'SiioiKs  to  th 


'""ch   cannot   be 


tofo 
the  whit 

th 


c  as  that  nn 


^'  nver.  and  al 


11  m- 
'onL'^ 


*-'  PJ'ic  runnino-  f,. 


said 


''uioned  h 


ere- 


t( 


"1  praise  of  th 


'  over  loo   feet 


IS  limber, 


\vith( 


lit  a 


^"^'^'•a  River  to  Kettle   F,ir'"  ''  '"  ^^''''ches,  (see  -  Th 


e  largest!  ever 


spection.     'Ph 


w  to  be  perfectl 


P-  'D  vvhile  theced 


g'-eat  majority  tovverin.. 


^^^•varyin  diameter  fro 


'■''^^^"nhasf  found  by 
m   :6  ir',  «  .  ;..  „i 


ars  arc 


P'"<-'^nclc«la,- will  ,,,„  fro 


white 

•'^and  feet  per  acre 

as  u-e  u'cnt  north. 


a  hundred  feet  with 


.36  to  No  inch 


m- 


and 


"Improved  in 


'■•1  'o  thousand 


cs,  and  a 
oi'talimb.     The 


to  103  thou- 


th 


Owi 


^^"''^"tity  and   si.e  as  f. 


ese 


"Sfo  the  lateness  of  th 


Galena  lia 
passed  o 


-^■p'orations,  J 


c  season  in  crett 


3'.  and  t): 


^^•as  unable  to  proceed  furth 


orou"" 


^^''•— wh 


■hly 


'<-'!  covers 


examine  and  expl 


J»g"  started 
ei-  north  th 


;ir 


on 


an 


'■""  '"fonwd   by  ivhat  I 
'/"•;">titya„cl.skeoft|,e„.;, 


c 


a  very  small  portion  of 


ore  the  rout 


e 


consider  good  a:ith 


your 


«fant. 


^o 


iniprov 


■Q  as 


which   I  ha 


3-ou  00  north,  and  if  th 


pine  and  cedar  timbe 


onty  that   th 


e 


•■continue 


a'onewill    much 
'"ost  sanguine.  [S 


ve  no  doubt)  tl 


^^   value  of  you 


;'  '''"^^'-^  ^o  be  a  fact  (of 


111 


e  small 


'r'"-^  ^'^-  -tisfy  the  expj^t; 

ee  extract  from  Moberly 


'*  ^^^'-ant  in    timber 


ions    of  [I 


Uc 


a'"ine  J  would  jud 
'j^''-  land.      V 


'»■■'-"  of  ehog,..n„.  ,  1,7  r"'""'---'^''™'''-! 

^,,1.1  ;..  ,  "aa    the  0Di)f»rH,«.v..  . 


J^di^o  to 


co\'er  ^ 


opportunity  t( 


o^"-S'-antand  thatto 


50,000  acres  of  e.xcell 


^^■'-^^'^^'over  practically  all    th 


the  C 


)  ex- 


en  t  tim- 


section  of  the  P 


anadian  Pacific  Kail- 


available   timber  in   th 


ealion  of  the  value  of  th 


""■'"^^ -Hiritish  Columbi 


at 


the  C 


anadian  Pacific 


ese  timber  lands,  I 
P'-opose  to  immediately 


As  to 


'i-eat 


an  indi 


"nderstand  that 
g'-ade  the.r  land 


in  values,  placinL,^  $2.50  as  tlic  lowest  price  per  acre  for  any 
land  except  to  settlers,  and  limiting  thern  to  160  acres. 

Before  leaving  this  subject,  I  would  call  your  attention 
to  the  fact  that  this  timber  in  your  grant,  and  in  the  grant  of 
the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
is  the  only  available  timber  for  over  one  thousand  miles  of 
country  along  the  line  of  the  railway  immediately  east,  and 
that  its  demand  over  the  line  of  the  Canadian   Pacific  will 
be  such  as  to  place  a  ready  market  at  your  service  for  your 
entire  grant  as  rapidly  as  you  feel  inclined  to  dispose  of  it. 
Another  market  quite  as  extensive,  and  open   now  without 
even  waiting  for  the  Canadian   Pacific,  and  covering  a  coun- 
try with  an  already  large  and  rapidly  increasing  population, 
and  traversed  with  lines  of  railway  and  steamboat  navigation, 
is  that  portion  of  the  United  States  known  as  l^astern  Wash- 
inoton  Territory,  Idaho,  and  Montana,      [See  report  of  Capt. 
A.  'i\  'Mngstonc,  a))pendi.\.]      At  a  nominal  cost,  conijjared 
with  many  eastern  streams,  the  Columbia  would  carry  a  drive, 
or  any  number  of  drives,  directly  to  the  Northern    Pacific 
Railroad,   the   Oregon    Railway  and    Navigation  Company's 
lines,  besides  floating   jxist  a  vast  and  fertile  section  01  the 
country  known  as  the  Great  Plains  of  the  Columbia,  situated 
in  the  bend  of  the  Columbia  in  l<:astern  Washington,  and  now 
be<nnninff  to  receive  a  goodly  share  of  the  coming  immigra- 

tion. 

There  is  no  means  of  estimating  the  value  of  your  tim- 
ber alone— taking  into  consideration  the  comparatively  small 
cost  of  delivering  lo  a  now  available  market  that  has  exceed- 
ingly large  demands,  and  is  almost  destitute  of  the  article  re- 
quired :  in  fact,  quite  destitute  of  the  tjuality  you  are  able  to 
furnish,  ^ 


"ta^ 


Cc 


6 
-'^"n:^-;-'7.'">-oH,.,,,;„e,...,,,- 

■^  Kood  deal  if  „;e  ,         ' '""""«  "-''-i-'m  Cre  f'     '' 

'Tici  from  n,...„„  '^'^    "'"  isinolnc.   .,     .    . 


w 


and  fn 


nppea 


ects  WQf 


■■an CCS  IS 


"'■  'S'noJa.ss  ii^^^  J 


^"t-     TheJncI 


e  vcrj'  free  f, 


"ot  iMfenor  to  1 


titles.     The  si 


'ans  report  ft 


oni  bl 


'■ench 


<-'misli 


^1*0 ni  a  fe 
vefns  hav 


ate  formation  h 


on  th 


es  and 


^'of^-ed  fair, 
'"^i^ortations. 


^'  '"ountai 


quite  tra 


ns 


'eal  of  cral 


\v  inches  to  tw 
aJth3- 


as  niiniei 


ns  in  la, 


par- 


en 


<-'  a  hi 


iy  feet 


ous 


9^'art/  sea 


«e  quan- 


aaiena  on  th 


'"'"^"'■al-bearinc  j 


'Mv.dth.     AlJof 


th 


'lis  in  it 


'"  ^i^''i'-t^-     /n  a  fe 


^'  'iiountaii 


g  look,     i 


ese  quartz 


ound  tu 


o 


u-  instances  it 


sides  of  Gal 


Ound 


a  o-i 


en  a   /j 


ood 


^V'nijr's  edi 
dred  fe 


et. 
-inu 


^^'^'H-defined  Jed 


ai'^o  up  (j^ 


and 


.k^cs  of  oaj 


\^as  associated 


^;"''^--  '^oth  traced 


'^y>  mostly 
•Aith 


linie. 


^'  'fountain  side  f 


to  a 


Hi-ah-l< 


's  found 


'"■  -^cveraJ  J) 


le 


iin- 


"1  Creek 


'"  a  varietN-  of 


fo 


in 


''i^'iesia  h"me.     w 


•'°'^'^'  /^ure  carh 


'■'"s  in  th 


found 


two  Ji 


f>nate  of  | 


e  re  of 


on  a  bo 


\e 


line. 


ot  soda 


and   al 


■^pnn.qis— 


ft' 


-one 


so  a 


on  th( 


:l 


o 


southern  tributary  of  South  Granite  Creek,  and  the  other 
about  three  miles  below  Cedar  Hay.  We  had  no  means  of 
testing  their  temperature,  but  found  them  uncomfortably 
warm  for  our  fingers.  Found  some  float  oxide  of  copper  ore 
at  the  mf)Uth  of  the  Lardo  Pass  Creek ;  also  found  evidence 
of  co])per  on  Grave  Creek. 

\^'e  prospected  the  top  sand  on  several  creeks  for  placer 
diggings,  especially  on  Fort  Hall,  Pingstone,  Incu-woop-plux 
and  Lardo  Pass  Creek,  and  found  gold  at  all  of  them.     We 
had  no  means  of  going  down  to  bed  rock.     I  have  no  doubt 
that    there  are   extensive  placer   mines   in   several  of  these 
streams.     There  were   large   deposits  of   free  gold  found  on 
creeks  several  years  ago,  but  as  the  rich  pockets  were  worked 
ut,  the  miners  were  obliged  to  leave  in  consequence  of  the 
high  price  of  provisions,  tools,  etc.,  and  the  difficulties  attend- 
ing transportation.       When   you  complete  your   enterprise, 
thereby  giving  miners  and  business  men  the  benefit  of  your 
transportation  facilities,  these  placer  diggings  wilt  be   devel- 
oped, and    w  11  give  employment    to  thousands  of  laboring 
men.     Your  grant  on  Kootenay  Lake  covers  immense  depos- 
its (jf  argentiferous  galena  ores  whose  value  is  beyond  com- 
putation, and  no  doubt  from  the  indications  that  came  under 
our  notice  on  the  Columbia,  for  the  small  part  of  it  on  your 
grant  that  wc  traversed,  there  will  be  found  additional  miner- 
als of  great  (piantily  and  value,  which  your  grant  gives  you 
absolutely.     The  value  of  your  mineral  grant  cannot  of  course 
be  estimated.      I  observed  enough  to  knew  that  it  will  be  very 
great,  and  it  is  within  ihe  possibilities  of  reaching  a  fabulous 
sum. 

The  extensive  and  rich  jilacer  diggings  recently  disc(n'- 
vvv(\  in  the  Cour   dWlene  mountains  in    Washington  Terri- 


1    i 

i    \ 


8 

tory,    the  extensive  argentiferous  galena  deposits  on    Koot- 
enay  Lake,  and  the  tlattcring  prospects  on  the  Columbia  Riv- 
er (rich  placers  being  reported  in    the  vicinity  of   Kicking 
Morse   Pass  also)  will  soon  give  that  country  a  large  popula- 
tion. 

The  completion  of  your  enterprise  and  of  the  Canadian 
Pacific  will  open  up  a  country  whose  richness  will  greatly  as- 
tonish even  the  promoters  of  the  enterprises  themselves.  (Sec 
])agc  77.  "Province  of  British  Columbia";  "Canada,  its  Cli- 
mate and  Resources."'  etc.) 

AGRICIM.TITRAI.    ANM)   GRAZING    F.ANDS. 

Tlie  acreage  of  this  kind  of  land  in  comparison  to  the 
acreage  of  your  timber  and  mineral  lands  is  small — it  cover- 
ing but  a  few  thousand  acres  until  the  head-waters  of  the  Col- 
umbia are  reached.  (  Page  65  of  "  Province  of  i5ritish  Colum- 
bia "  ;  "Mainland  Interior,  or  East  Cascade  Region";  also 
page  67  of  same  entitled  "  Kootenay,")  As  the  Columbia  is 
navigable  to  its  source,  large  amounts  of  these  magnificent 
lands  may  be  located  if  desired. 

CIJMATF. 

The  climate  of  this  Columbia  region  is  very  mild  com- 
pared with  the  same  latitudes  elsewhere,  e.vcept  on  the  Pacif- 
ic Coast.  The  warm  winds  from  the  south  known  as  "  Chi- 
nook "  melt  the  snow  almost  as  soon  as  it  falls.  (Page  11, 
"  Province  of  British  Columbia,"  &c.)  By  examining  a  weath- 
er chart  of  this  continent,  the  isothermal  line  will  be  noticed  to 
make  a  long  elbow,  the  northern  point  of  which  reaches  in 
the  vicinity  of  the  northernmost  point  of  tlie  Columbia 
waters. 


J 


ts  on  Koot 
''"mbia  Riv. 
^^  Kicking 
'"t^c  j)ojiuIa- 


'  Canadian 
greatly  as- 

elves.  (See 
Lcia,  its  Cli- 


on  (o  the 
-it  cover- 
f  the  Col- 
'h  Colum- 
)n  " ;  also 
Ii^imbia  is 
gnificent 


Ifl  coni- 
e  Pacif- 
^s  "  Chi- 
*'\gc  ir, 
I.  vveath- 
ticed  to 
ches  in 
Iiinibia 


coNti.rsioN. 

Hcfore  concluding,  allow  r.ie  to  call  your  attention  to  the 
Pass  Ci-eek  that  flows  into  the  Columbia  River  just  north  of 
the  mouth  of  the  Kootcnay  River.  I'rom  what  I  had  an 
ojDportunity  to  observe,  and  from  what  information  I  could 
procure  from  the  Indians,  1  think  your  railway  can  be  brought 
from  Kootenay  River  through  a  natural  pass,  and  down  the 
Pass  Creek  Vailev  at  a  great  saving  of  cost  without  increas- 
incr  the  lentrth  of  the  railwav  line,  and  reach  the  Columbia 
River  above  the  rapids  spoken  of  in  Mr  Linton's  report  to 
your  chief  engineer,  M.  M.  McCartney.  Es(|. 

And  now,  in  concluding,  I  would  say  that  I  look  upon 
vour  enterprise  as  a  most  extraordinary  one.  The  necessary 
expenditure  recjuired  to  comply  with  the  terms  of  the  Act 
and  acquire  a  crown  grant  from  the  P)ritish  Columbia  (iov- 
ernmcnt  is  so  small,  and  the  value  of  over  seven  hundred  thou- 
sand acres  of  the  land  you  will  obtain  is  so  great,  that- aside 
from  the  good-paying  transportation  business  you  will  un- 
doubtedly receive— tl-.e  profits  that  must  necessarily  accrue 
from  the  sales  or  other  disposition  of  the  lands  of  this  grant 
will  be  fabulous  :  and  I  congratulate  you  and  your  associates 
upon  this  most  flattering  outlook  for  your  property. 

Yours  respectfully, 

1).  C.  IJ'WIS. 


10 


KKPORT   OF   CWIT.    A.    T.    PIXGSTOXE. 


:1P.; 


Four  CoLViLLE,  W.  T.,  Oct.  24tli,  1883. 

CaI'TAIN  J.  C.  AlXSWOItTII,  I'OUTLAND,  OUEOON: 

|)i;ak  Sn{ — Tii  yoiir  letter  to  me  of  June  18th,  von  ask  me  to 
ijive  yon  my  views  about  the  timber  ou  the  niivigable  waters  of  the 
Columbia  J{i\'ei',  in  British  Columl)ia;  also,  tlie  feasibility  of  running 
logs  down  the  Columbia  to  some  point  above  the  mouth  of  Snake 
River. 

First:  A  large  amount  of  very  fine  timber,  sneh  as  White  Pine, 
Cechir,  Fir,  Spruce,  Cottonwood,  ITendock  and  'I'amarack,  may  be 
selected  from  a  point  twenty  miles  below  thelioad  of  tlie  lower  lake, 
thence  to  the  extreme  head  of  the  u|>per  lake.  Tlie  most  of  the 
good  timber  is  to  be  found  on  the  streams  making  into  the  lakes. 
From  the  mouth  of  the  r[ii)er  Columbia  River  to  Laporte,  a  dis- 
tance of  sixt^-four  miles,  the  country  is  a  douse  forest;  cedar  abounds, 
tlierc  is  also  licmlock,  tir,  tamarac'k  and  some  wliito  pine;  the  qual- 
ity of  the  timber  is  excellent. 

Second  :  there  is  nothing  to  [ircvont  logs  from  being  (h'iven 
down  the  Columbia  River,  from  the  lakes  to  White  Blutt's,  where  a 
good  and  secure  boom  coulil  l)e  ]iut  in  that  would  save  all  the  tim- 
ber. At  White  Blutls  there  i^  a  large  eddy  where  rafts  could  be 
easily  made,  and  run  from  tlien<;e  down  to  the  Nortliorn  Pacific 
l\ailroad  and  tlie  Oregon  Railway  and  Navigation  Company's  Steam- 
boat and  Railway  lines.  A<  to  tlie  time  when  a  drive  should  be 
started  down,  experienced  raftsmen  state  it  should  not  be  started 
until  aftei-  the  top  of  high  water,  so  that  the  driftwood  will  not  in- 
terfere with  the  boom,  floating  bodies  following  the  center  of  a  fall- 
ing stream;  or,  if  you  wish  to  use  your  boom  during  high  water  to 
catch  driftwood,  a  large  amount  of  valuable  timber  coulil  be  secured 
in  that  way.  As  regards  the  cost  of  placing  a  suitable  boom  in  at 
tills  |H)iiit,  in  my  estimation  it  would  not  cost  loss  tlian  ton  thousand 
and  may  l>e  twelve  thousand  dollars.  1  believe  that  in  from  two  to 
tiiree  years  enough  driftwood  cotdd  be  cauglit  to  jiay  for  the  cost  of 
the  boom.  From  Wliito  Bluti's  down  to  the  railroa<ls  rafts  could 
bo  taken  at  all  times  of  the  year,  excepting  when  there  is  ice  in  the 
river. 

1  remaiii;  yours  very  respectfully. 

A.  T.  I'LNOSTONK. 


—J 


II 


■f-  24tli,  1883. 


von  ask  nie  to 
le  waters  of  the 
"lityof  runniiiff 
oi'f'i  of  Snake 

its  White  Pine, 
ii'iick,  may  be 
the  lower  lake, 
le  most  of  the 
into  the  lakes, 
r^iipf'i'tc,  a  (lis- 
.'odar  aljoiiiulH 
i"p;  file  (|iial-' 

'*eiii<r  (Iriveii 
luffs,  where  a 
G  ;ill  the  tim- 
■i'ffs  could  he 
fieri)  Pacific 

'ally's  Steam- 
'G  should  he 
>t  be  started 
I  will  not  in- 
|t«i'of  afall- 
igh  water  to 
1  he  secured 

hoom  in  at 
oil  thousand 
f'l'oni  two  to 
I"  tlie  cost  of 

I'iifts  could 
•^  i(:e  in  the 


'ONK. 


LpyPTKR  FKOM  SENATOR  NELSON  OF  HKITLSir 

COEUMBIA. 

Ottawa,  13th  ,Iime,  ]XH:]. 
<i.  B.  Whmiit,  Ks^i. 

Dkak  Sik — 1  have  carefully  examined  your  maii,  with  accom- 
jianying  explanations,  of  that  part  of  13ritisli  ("olumbia  comiirisinjj; 
the  Kootenay  Jiake  and  Jiiver,  tlio  Cohimhia  Jiiver,  Eagle  Pass,  &c., 
and  showing  tiie  line  of  your  comiiany's  proixjseil  railroad  from  the 
KcHjteiiay  Lake  t(»  the  ('(diimhia  River.  1  have  for  some  years 
been  acquainted  with  the  geography  of  that  country  as  to  its general 
character,  and  have  more  lately  learned  from  various  sources  of  its 
gi'cat  mineral  wealth,  and  I  am  convincted  that  the  carrying  trade 
and  business  of  that  countr}'  can  only  be  secured  to  Canadian  routes 
by  the  fulfilment  of  such  a  sc^heme  as  your  company  have  undertak- 
en. The  trade  of  that  portion  of  British  Columiiia  must,  I  believe, 
become  a  large  and  most  imiuu'tant  one,  and,  in  my  opinion,  will 
drift  through  ITnited  Stiitos  channels,  unless  the  waters  of  the  Ivoot- 
enay  Lake  anil  Columbia  River  are  connected  by  rail,  and  steamers 
jijaced  on  the  CoIuml)ia  River,  from  the  terminal  point  of  the  Koot- 
enay &  Columbia  J\ail\vay  to  the  crossing  of  the  Canadian  Pacific 
Railway,  at  JOagle  Pass, 

I  am,  dear  Sir   vours  faithfully, 

'  UUCJir  NLLSOX. 

(Erlrai't  from    Mr.    .lA>//i  ;•///'>   /^/Vn;-/,  18tjt!.; 

Thursdav,  September  Oth. — Ivan  down  to  the  mouth  of  Kicking 
Horse  River,' where  1  took  latitude,  which  is  hV  IS'  10'  X.  1  then 
proceeded  down  the  stream,  and  camped  at  the  mouth  of  a  creek  that 
falls  into  the  Colunibia  liiver  on  its  easterly  side,  about  i]  miles  be- 
low the  mouth  of  Blaeberry  River.  The  Indians  tell  me  that  the 
valley  of  the  Blaeberry  Jiivei'  aifbn.s  the  best  pass  through  the 
mountains  to  the  eastward  (^see  Dr.  Hector's  Rejiort).  They  say 
the  mountain  shec^)  aiiound  on  the  mountains  south  of  this  river, 
and  the  cariboo  on  those  north  of  it,  but  that  the  latter  is  not  foun(l 
south  of  the  montli  of  Kickim'"  Horse  River  ;  also,  that  the  large 
salmon  (white)  do  not  go  further  uii  stream  than  the  Kicking  Horse 
River.  The  banks  of  the  river  are  now  covered  with  a  dense  growth 
of  jiine,  cedar,  spruce,  fir,  birch,  &c.  Road  building  alongtlio  right 
bank  of  the  Columbia  River,  from  its  source  to  this  point,  will  be 
comparatively  easy. 

Friday,  September  7th. — Left  camp  at  7.30  a.  m..  and  almost 
immediately  got  into  a  canon  where  the  stream  is  in  many  places 
very  rapid  and  narrrow,  and  the  rocks  of  a  slate  formation.     I  think 


'"    '';^'  ^''li^o    (Ik, 


12 


'  •'  ■•■fi'iliiior 
i"<o  Itolow, 

'"">■  i'lilCOS 
«f()|.J.C(I  J,f 

<"'  it.swes- 
t''i'il  IV(,ni 
his  creek, 
"I  (lum  iC 
tliiit  tlie 
•^'1'  of  tlio 
o.strfuiiis 
'M  ii  trail 
"f"l>iji,  it 
Novo   tlio 
I  ill  i-ivei- 
Tiiiiljtr 


18 

ilii'  ii|i|ifr  or  suiitli  cijil  (if  it:  we  did  not  piiss  atiy  l>iiil  ia|ii<ls  (o-diiy. 
'I'lie  iiioiiiitiiiiis  on  iiotli  hanks  me  iiit^li  and  tlie  sliores  ro.ky.  On 
the  easterly  side  n\i  the  lake  the  ni(Jiiiitains  are  I'oiniiosed  of  slate. 
The  Jnilian  trail  from  the  month  of  .Jordan  Creek  terminates  at  the 
eiitraiu-e  of  a  low,  narrow  valley,  thronijjh  wliieh  a  stream  Hows.  At 
the  southwesterly  end  of  this  lake  a  lai'ife  str'-ani  ;ilso  falls  into 
Kinliaskit  Lake,  at  its  southeasterly  corner,  and  the  Indians  tell  me 
there  is  coal  a  short  distance  up  it.  Dense  woods  covered  the  banks 
of  river  and  monntain  sides  all  tlie  distance  traveled  to-day. 

Monday,  bfejitemher  lOtli. —  Left  cainii  at  8  a.  m.,  and  immedi- 
ately at  tlie  foot  of  lake  we  encountered  lapids  that  extended  the 
whole  distance,  0  or  10  miles,  traveled  to-day.  It  might  he  luxsible 
at  a  high  stage  of  water  to  get  a  steamer  over  these  rapids  with 
lines,  hut  now  they  are  too  sliallow,  and  there  arc  many  houlders 
which  are  not  covered  with  water.  The  nioiiiitains  on  both  sides  of 
river  are  high  and  steep,  and  road  building  along  the  most  of  this 
portion  of  the  valley  would  he  exjieiisivo.  I  walked  the  whole  dis- 
tance traveled  to-day.  and  the  Indians  ran, dropped  and  portaged  the 
canoes  over  the  rapids,  Scv,,  and  were  most  of  the  day  in  the  water. 

Tuesday,  Septemlier  11th. — Started  at  7  A.  .M.,with  the  inten- 
tion of  rimning  to  the  lioat  Kncampmeiit  and  getting  the  latitude, 
and  then  jiroceeding  on  to  Wilson's  Landing;  hut  1  unfortunately 
lost  my  [irotractor  and  was  oi)liged  to  go  bat'ic  for  it,  which  delayed 
me  for  two  hours,  and  1  did  not  reach  the  above  [dace  until  1  i'.  M. 
I  therefore  camped,  as  I  was  anxious  to  determine  the  latitude  of 
this  place  accurately.  The  whole  distance  traveled  to-day  was  a 
succession  of  rapids,  and  about  it  of  a  mile  from  the  junction  of  the 
('o'uml)ia  with  the  Canoe  River  is  a  cailon,  through  which  the  wa- 
ter runs  at  a  very  rapid  rate.  A  bridge  miirht  be  thrown  across  at 
this  place.  The  Boat  Encampment,  which  is  on  the  angle  formed 
by  the  Columbia  and  the  river  that  tlows  from  the  Athaiiasca  l*ass, 
is  a  point  I  think  destined,  before  very  long,  to  become  of  some  im- 
portance, as  it  is  the  conlliu'iice  of  three  large  rivers,  aiul  is  the  ter- 
minus of  the  Athabasca  Tass.  There  is  a  good  deal  of  level  laml 
all  around  it,  and  the  mountains  to  the  eastward  are  of  a  slate  for- 
mation. The  color  of  the  water  of  the  Canoe  River  is  a  dark,  mud- 
dy brown  ;  that  of  the  Columbia  River,  and  also  of  the  large  tribu- 
tary flowing  from  the  Athabasca  Pass,  of  :i.  dirty,  whitish  color. 
The  junction  of  the  Canoe  with  the  Columbia  Jiiver  is  the  most 
northerly  point  of  the  latter. 


W 


ednesday,  f5ejitemi)er 


-ncamptuent,  w 


liich 


IS  b 


!\Q 


liith.— Took  the  latitude  of  the  Boat 
7'  til    X.,  and  then  ran  down  the  river 


about  'lb  miles  and  camped.  The  current  of  the  river  for  the  seven 
miles  immediately  below  the  Boat  Kncampment  is  very  swift,  and 
will  probably  average  7  miles  per  hour  ;  there  are  several  rapids  on 
this  portion  of  the  river.  For  the  next  18  miles  the  current  is  not 
io  rapid,  and  will  probably  not  average  more  than  i^  miles  per  hour. 


14 

TIici'C  Jiro  two  n'ooil  iihtei's  tor  lii'idjiiiii:,'  tlii'  riviT  sniiic  tlii'cc  iiiilfs 
l>el()\v  the  (.'iiiioc  River,  tlio  ('(iliiiiiltiii  at  tlio.so  two  points  l>ciiitj 
ahout  120  and  175  foot  in  width  ;  tliiclc  i^rowtli  of  timUer  on  ImjIIi 
sides  of  river.  The  easterly  l>aiik  of  river  hest  for  a  road,  as  with 
the  e.\('e[)tion  of  two  short  [luiiits  of  rork,  a  ro;ul  (!an  he  carried  over 
low  flats  and  henelics  tlio  wiiolo  distanee.  'I'lie  oiiposite  side  (hjes 
not  offer  anv  serious  oljstaclus  to  road  hnildinn',  hut  to  constrnet  one 
aioni^  it  wonid  i>e  much  more  expensive. 

Thnrs'hiy,  tSepteniher  18tii. —  lian  (h)wn  to  Wilson's  Landing,  a 
distance  of  ahont  7  or  8  miles  ;  passi'd  several  rapids,  which  would 
lie  had  for  steanihoat  navii;'ation,  and  lines  would  hi'  recjuired  toilet 
steamers  over  them.  There  is  a  s'ecp,  rocky  hlulf'on  the  left  hank 
of  the  river,  a  short  distance  ahovo  Wilson's  liaiidiiii^,  and  would  lie 
expensive  to  take  a  ro.id  ai'oimd.  1  took  the  latitude  of  Wilson's 
Fjandiui^,  which  I  made  ol  40  X.  1  here  learnt  that  the  OfHcer  ad- 
niinisteriny;  the  (Jovernment.  the  Surveyor-CJoneral,  and  Mr.  Ball 
would  camp  this  cveninn*  at  Kirl>y'3  Landniu;,  I  thorefoi'e  ran  down 
the  river  to  that  point,  where  I  met  them. 


( Exlrid-l  from  Ifr/iorl  of  Mr.  Molnrl'/ on  JIUeiUciCdul  Jiircr, 
DfL-emlirr  18/A.  lH(jo.; 

On  ieavinu;  Mr.  Tiii'nhiill  at  the  mouth  of  this  >tream,  I  [iroceed 
up  its  northerly  or  ri^ht  liaidc,  for  a  distance  of  ahout  forty  miles, 
at  which  point  the  river  divides  into  two  streams  of  nearly  equal 
si/e,  the  i>;eneral  hearim:;  of  one  valley  ahove  the  forks,  as  far  as  can 
he  seen  from  that  point.  I»einti,"  north  14  east;  that  of  the  other 
nearly  east.  The  latter  valley  was  I'vidently  the  olie  that,  judging 
from  its  general  hearing,  would  lie  most  likely  to  atf'ord  a  jiass  in 
tlic  direction  wislied  for.  I  therefore  tried  to  induce  the  Imlians  I 
had  with  me,  hy  every  pos-ihle  iiersiiasion,  to  accompany  me  all  the 
way  across  tlie  [Selkirk  Ivange,  and  make  for  Wild  Horse  Creek. 
(The  Cohimhia  liiver  Indians  would  from  the  first  oidy  engage  to 
go  as  fai'  as  the  head  waters  of  the  lllecillewaut. )  All  my  ett'orts 
were,  however,  unavailing,  as  they  atlirmed  that  if  we  went  on  wc 
shoulil  he  caught  in  tlie  snow,  and  never  get  out  of  the  mountains. 
.\s  1  now  fourid  it  would  not  lie  jiossihle  to  complete  the  explora- 
tion of  the  easterly  hranch  so  as  to  arrive  at  a  definite  eonelusion 
as  to  its  suitahleness  for  a  line  of  road  thi'oughout  to  the  Upper 
Columhia,  and  as  a  partial  exploration  would  only  he  a  waste  of  time 
and  money,  fur  should  it  he  explored  throughout  at  any  future  time, 
which  I  would  recommend,  the  same  ground  would  have  to  he 
traversed  again,  1  decided  to  explore  the  northerly  fork,  and  accord- 
ingly contimied  my  Journey,  still  keeping  on  the  riglit  hand  hank 
until  I  reached  a  jioint  ahout  seventy  miles  from  tiie  mouth  of  the 
rmun  river.  The  valley,  which  had  heen  continually  turning  more 
and  more  to  tlie  north,  took  a  decided  turn  at  the  ahovc  point,  its 


In 


boimnpr  then  I.eiiig  nearly  \.  W.,  aii.l  as  the  snow,  wliidi  lia.l  h.-en 
falling  on  tlie  monntauiH  for  sovoral  days,  was  l.nt  a  sliort  dirttance 
above  tlio  nvor  bottom,  I  roneliidod  to  retiirii,  it  being  (iiiite  appar- 
ent that  notliing  eoiild  \nt  gained  by  a  longer  contiinianfe  in  tlieso 
mountains.  I  tberefore  turned  back  on  tlie  30tli  of  >Septeml)or,  and 
readied  tlie  bead  of  tlie  (Iroat  Shiiswap  Lake  on  tin;  lUtli  of  Octo- 
l)or. 

At  a  distance  of  about  four  miles  aiiove  tiie  forks  before  men- 
tioned, I  enti-red  the  slate  range,  and  continued  in  it  tlie  rest  of  tlie 
distance  traveled  up  tliis  stream.  Tliese  slate  moi-.ntains  are  inter- 
sected in  all  directions  by  innumerable  veins  of  juartz,  and  on  tlie 
river  banks  and  bars  much  hard  l)|iie  gravel,  intermi.xed  with  clay, 
waH  seen.  We  hastily  washed  a  few  pans  of  '-dirt,"  which  we 
scraped  from  the  surface  of  some  of  the  bars,  and  obtained  prospects 
which  _Mr.  Terry  (the  .Nhaintaineer)  who  was  with  me,  pronounced 
to_  be  .">  cents  to  the  pan.  f  examined  some  of  the  "  eolors  "  ob- 
tained through  a  magnifying  glass,  and  when  viewed  in  tiiis  manner 
they  appeared  to  be  thick,  coarse,  and  with  rough  edges.  It  is  my 
inipression  that  good  and  extensive  diggings  will  be di.seovered  on 
this  stream,  and  that  there  is  every  in'obability  gold-bearing  rpiartz 
also  exists  in  the  slate  mountains,  tliroiigh  which  it  tlows. 

In  passing  a  very  clearly  defined  vein  of  cpiartz  about  five  feet 
in  width,  1  noticed  traces  of  what  1  thought  was  silver;  I  therefore 
lvno(dve(l  oft'  a  few  pieces  of  the  rock,  wliidi  have  been  assayed  at 
the  Uovernment  Assay  OlHce  bore  by  Mr.  F.  (i.  Claiidet,  and  he  re- 
turns the  following  result  : 

JJescription  of  Mineral.  i 


Itesiilt  of  Assay. 


Argentiferous  (Jaleiia. 


Lead — 7!).2'>  per  cent. 

Si  I  ver— ,'^4ozs.  per  Ton  of  20  cwt. 

(iold — 'I'races. 


